diff --git a/.github/scripts/check_sdist_artifacts.py b/.github/scripts/check_sdist_artifacts.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd24981
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/scripts/check_sdist_artifacts.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+"""Check native source distributions after compiled extensions exist."""
+
+import shutil
+import sys
+import tarfile
+import tempfile
+import tomllib
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from hatchling.builders.sdist import SdistBuilder
+
+source = Path(sys.argv[1]).resolve()
+with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as temporary:
+    project = Path(temporary) / "project"
+    shutil.copytree(
+        source,
+        project,
+        ignore=shutil.ignore_patterns(".git", ".venv", "__pycache__", "node_modules", "target", "dist", "vcpkg", "vcpkg_installed", "emsdk"),
+    )
+    config = tomllib.loads((project / "pyproject.toml").read_text())
+    module = config["tool"]["hatch"]["build"]["targets"]["wheel"]["packages"][0]
+    extensions = (".so", ".dll", ".dylib", ".pyd")
+    for suffix in extensions:
+        (project / module / f"_sdist_binary_check{suffix}").write_bytes(b"prebuilt binary")
+
+    output = Path(temporary) / "dist"
+    output.mkdir()
+    filename = next(SdistBuilder(str(project)).build(directory=str(output)))
+    with tarfile.open(output / filename) as archive:
+        names = archive.getnames()
+
+    binaries = [name for name in names if name.endswith(extensions)]
+    assert not binaries, f"Source distribution contains compiled extensions: {binaries}"
+    assert any(name.endswith((".cpp", ".rs")) for name in names), "Source distribution is missing native sources"
+    print(f"{source.name}: source distribution excludes compiled extensions and retains native sources")
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build.yaml b/.github/workflows/build.yaml
index 19352ed..96e91e7 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yaml
@@ -122,3 +122,9 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Test template
         run: make test-${{ matrix.template }}
+
+      - name: Check source distribution artifacts
+        run: python .github/scripts/check_sdist_artifacts.py ../python-template-${{ matrix.template }}
+        env:
+          HATCH_BUILD_NO_HOOKS: '1'
+        if: matrix.template == 'cpp' || matrix.template == 'cppjswasm' || matrix.template == 'rust' || matrix.template == 'rustjswasm'
diff --git a/python/cpp/pyproject.toml.jinja b/python/cpp/pyproject.toml.jinja
index 89c536b..cdbc0d5 100644
--- a/python/cpp/pyproject.toml.jinja
+++ b/python/cpp/pyproject.toml.jinja
@@ -121,13 +121,6 @@ exclude_also = [
 ignore_errors = true
 fail_under = 50
 
-[tool.hatch.build]
-artifacts = [
-    "{{ module }}/*.dll",
-    "{{ module }}/*.dylib",
-    "{{ module }}/*.so",
-]
-
 [tool.hatch.build.sources]
 src = "/"
 
@@ -138,6 +131,7 @@ libraries = [
 ]
 
 [tool.hatch.build.targets.sdist]
+exclude = ["*.dll", "*.dylib", "*.so", "*.pyd"]
 packages = [
     "{{ module }}",
     "cpp",
@@ -149,6 +143,11 @@ packages = [
 {% endif %}
 
 [tool.hatch.build.targets.wheel]
+artifacts = [
+    "{{ module }}/*.dll",
+    "{{ module }}/*.dylib",
+    "{{ module }}/*.so",
+]
 packages = [
     "{{ module }}",
 ]
diff --git a/python/cppjswasm/pyproject.toml.jinja b/python/cppjswasm/pyproject.toml.jinja
index 9725f84..1c7ba27 100644
--- a/python/cppjswasm/pyproject.toml.jinja
+++ b/python/cppjswasm/pyproject.toml.jinja
@@ -135,9 +135,6 @@ fail_under = 50
 
 [tool.hatch.build]
 artifacts = [
-    "{{ module }}/*.dll",
-    "{{ module }}/*.dylib",
-    "{{ module }}/*.so",
     "{{ module }}/extension",
 ]
 
@@ -159,6 +156,7 @@ libraries = [
 ]
 
 [tool.hatch.build.targets.sdist]
+exclude = ["*.dll", "*.dylib", "*.so", "*.pyd"]
 packages = [
     "{{ module }}",
     "cpp",
@@ -171,6 +169,12 @@ packages = [
 {% endif %}
 
 [tool.hatch.build.targets.wheel]
+artifacts = [
+    "{{ module }}/*.dll",
+    "{{ module }}/*.dylib",
+    "{{ module }}/*.so",
+    "{{ module }}/extension",
+]
 packages = [
     "{{ module }}",
 ]
diff --git a/python/rust/pyproject.toml.jinja b/python/rust/pyproject.toml.jinja
index 2d86769..39f4594 100644
--- a/python/rust/pyproject.toml.jinja
+++ b/python/rust/pyproject.toml.jinja
@@ -141,13 +141,6 @@ exclude_also = [
 ignore_errors = true
 fail_under = 50
 
-[tool.hatch.build]
-artifacts = [
-    "{{ module }}/*.dll",
-    "{{ module }}/*.dylib",
-    "{{ module }}/*.so",
-]
-
 [tool.hatch.build.sources]
 src = "/"
 
@@ -165,11 +158,20 @@ packages = [
     "Cargo.lock",
 ]
 exclude = [
+    "*.dll",
+    "*.dylib",
+    "*.so",
+    "*.pyd",
     "rust/Makefile",
     "target",
 ]
 
 [tool.hatch.build.targets.wheel]
+artifacts = [
+    "{{ module }}/*.dll",
+    "{{ module }}/*.dylib",
+    "{{ module }}/*.so",
+]
 packages = [
     "{{ module }}",
 ]
diff --git a/python/rustjswasm/pyproject.toml.jinja b/python/rustjswasm/pyproject.toml.jinja
index 783cacb..0c802eb 100644
--- a/python/rustjswasm/pyproject.toml.jinja
+++ b/python/rustjswasm/pyproject.toml.jinja
@@ -156,9 +156,6 @@ fail_under = 50
 
 [tool.hatch.build]
 artifacts = [
-    "{{ module }}/*.dll",
-    "{{ module }}/*.dylib",
-    "{{ module }}/*.so",
     "{{ module }}/extension",
 ]
 
@@ -188,9 +185,10 @@ packages = [
     "Cargo.lock",
 ]
 exclude = [
-    "{{ module }}/*.dll",
-    "{{ module }}/*.dylib",
-    "{{ module }}/*.so",
+    "*.dll",
+    "*.dylib",
+    "*.so",
+    "*.pyd",
     "{{ module }}/extension",
     "js/dist",
     "js/node_modules",
@@ -199,6 +197,12 @@ exclude = [
 ]
 
 [tool.hatch.build.targets.wheel]
+artifacts = [
+    "{{ module }}/*.dll",
+    "{{ module }}/*.dylib",
+    "{{ module }}/*.so",
+    "{{ module }}/extension",
+]
 packages = [
     "{{ module }}",
 ]