Upgrade Checkstyle to 14.3.0, PMD to 7.28.0, SpotBugs to 4.10.4

[holgerfriedrich]

Dependency upgrades:

• Checkstyle from 12.3.0 to 14.3.0
• PMD from 7.19.0 to 7.28.0
• SpotBugs from 4.9.8 to 4.10.4
• JUnit from 6.0.1 to 6.1.3
• Mockito from 5.21.0 to 5.24.0
• commons-io from 2.21.0 to 2.22.0
• commons-lang3 from 3.20.0 to 3.21.0
• slf4j from 2.0.17 to 2.0.20
• logback from 1.5.23 to 1.6.5
• jsoup from 1.19.1 to 1.23.2
• maven-core from 3.9.12 to 3.10.0
• jakarta.xml.bind-api from 4.0.4 to 4.0.5
• jaxb-runtime from 4.0.6 to 4.0.9
• plexus-compiler-eclipse from 2.16.1 to 2.17.1
• Spotless from 3.10.3 to 3.10.4
• Jetty (tests) from 9.4.50 to 12.1.14
• Saxon 9.1.0.8 replaced by Saxon-HE 12.10
• hamcrest-library 3.0 replaced by hamcrest 3.0
• javax.activation 1.2.0 removed

Code changes:

• Rewrite MissingJavadocFilterCheck on AbstractCheck, because MissingJavadocTypeCheck can no longer be subclassed
• Adapt AuthorTagCheck config to the WriteTagCheck API changes
• Align the runtime tool versions with the compile versions (fixes NoSuchMethodError in user builds)

Users may see new errors:

• Malformed Javadoc now fails the build (javadoc.parse.rule.error)
• Missing @author tags are now detected on annotated classes, which were silently skipped before

Note: Parts of this PR were generated by AI.

[holgerfriedrich]

I have run this on openhab-core (new findings, PR merged), openhab-addons (PR to be created), webui and distro.

Here is the comparison for core:

(left: CI, from PR build #9603 which does the changes on core)

(difference can be explained: 11 unused imports were caused by broken javadoc links, 1 fails positive gone through pmd upgrade, one new)